Every child develops at their own pace, but certain milestones act as indicators of typical growth and development. During toddlerhood, roughly between ages one and three, children undergo major changes in speech, movement, behaviour, and social interaction. While variations are natural, noticeable delays in reaching age-appropriate milestones could point to developmental delays.

Spotting these signs early allows for timely interventions, which can make a significant difference in your child’s growth. Here are key areas to watch out for.

Speech and Language Delays

By around 12 to 18 months, most toddlers begin using simple words like “mama” or “ball.” By age two, they typically form two-word phrases and have a growing vocabulary. A delay in speaking or difficulty in understanding simple instructions could be a concern.

Watch for:

• Not babbling by 12 months

• Not saying single words by 16 to 18 months

• Difficulty following simple directions

• Limited or no interest in communicating with others

Some toddlers may understand everything but still not speak much—this is called an expressive language delay. Others may struggle to understand what's being said to them, which is a receptive language delay.

Motor Skill Delays

Motor skills are divided into two types: gross motor skills (like walking and running) and fine motor skills (like holding a crayon or picking up food). Most toddlers start walking around 12–15 months, and by 2 years, they start running, climbing stairs, and manipulating objects.

Signs of motor delays include:

• Not sitting without support by 9 months

• Not walking by 18 months

• Poor balance or frequent falls

• Difficulty holding small objects or using utensils

If a toddler seems unusually floppy or stiff, that could also point to neuromuscular concerns that need evaluation.

Social and Emotional Delays

Toddlers are naturally curious and begin showing strong preferences, forming attachments, and engaging in basic interactions. They may start playing next to or with other children, showing empathy, or seeking comfort when upset.

Possible red flags include:

• Lack of eye contact or facial expressions

• Not responding to their name by 12 months

• Limited interest in interacting with people

• No pretend play by 2 years

Some of these may overlap with early signs of autism spectrum disorders, which is why they should not be overlooked.

Cognitive and Behavioural Delays

Cognitive delays affect thinking, problem-solving, and learning. A toddler might struggle to understand cause and effect, show limited curiosity, or have trouble remembering things.

Examples of cognitive or behavioural delays:

• Inability to follow simple routines

• Not recognising familiar people or objects

• Not showing interest in age-appropriate games

• Repetitive behaviours or extreme reactions to changes in routine

Behaviour that appears unusual, such as extreme resistance to change or highly focused interests, should be monitored along with other developmental markers.

When to Seek Help

Trust your instincts as a parent or caregiver. If something feels off, it’s always worth discussing with a paediatrician. Sometimes delays are temporary and correct themselves over time. Other times, early support—like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or behavioural support—can help the child catch up or adapt more easily.

Every child is unique, and a delay in one area doesn’t always mean something is wrong. However, being informed and observant helps ensure your toddler gets the support they may need. Early intervention, guided by a medical professional or developmental specialist, can open the door to better outcomes in later years.

If you’re ever unsure, a simple developmental screening with a healthcare provider is a great first step.